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The main alloying elements added to stainless steels are cream and carbon for ferrite and martensite groups and nickel addition for austenitic and biphasic groups. Some of these alloying elements are intentionally added to stainless steels such as manganese and silicon, or present as impurities in stainless steels. Additions such as nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and phosphorus or to improve the properties of stainless steels such as molybdenum, titanium, copper and…. For more information on Premium steel slabs visit our Main Suppliers site.

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Austenitic stainless steels cannot be augmented or strengthened by processes such as hard precipitation, hard conversion (rapid cooling to form martensite). In fact, it is possible to increase the strength of these steels by alloying elements, especially substitute alloying elements and cold working. These steels, like ferritic stainless steels, are known as 400 series stainless steels in which the amount of cream varies between 12% and 17%. The presence of intermediate elements (carbon and nitrogen) in these steels is generally to stabilize the austenite phase.

One of the salient properties of such steels is that they can be forged first and then heat treated to austenite and rapid cooling (martensite formation) and reheat heat treatment. It can be said that the range of chemical composition of martensitic stainless steels is limited because the composition of these steels must be considered to provide the desired hardness and strength, while the corrosion resistance of these alloys to stainless steels is less Ferritic and austenitic properties The amounts of carbon and in these steels must be adjusted so that it is possible to fully austenitize the steel.

If the amount of carbon is high, the excess carbon will precipitate as carbide near the grain boundary, causing the amount of these regions to drop below a critical limit of 12%. Therefore, by increasing all martensitic stainless steels have good hardness and can be cooled in oil or even air to harden. Also, the added amount of these elements is limited because elements such as carbon are reduced.

Besides the carbon content, heat treatment has a significant effect on the microstructure of martensitic stainless steels. The figures below show examples of the microstructure of 410 and 440 alloys in different heat treatment modes. For more information about steel slab manufacturers, visit our site.

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